73% Nitrogen
21% Oxygen
5% Water Vapor (max)
0.934% Argon
0.04% Carbon Dioxide
0.001818% Neon
0.000524% Helium
0.00018% Methane
Temperatures must range between -50 and 130 degrees Fahrenheit. The temperature of the air must remain at moderate levels (between 55 and 88 degrees) for at a minimum of 3 months out of a 12 month year in order to grow crops. More drastic temperature changes, or consistently high or low temperatures prevent societies from expanding in those areas. Atmospheric pressure provides that most societies cannot exist more than 12,500 ft. above sea level.
Freshwater is generally 0.002% salt by volume. Temperature of water must remain between 33 and 200 degrees Fahrenheit to remain in its liquid form, and not below 40 or above 120 degrees to keep as drinking water. Generally, the smaller the temperature range, the better piping will be able to withstand cracking or leaking. Also, at least minimal filtration is recommended to keep sediment from eventually clogging pipes. Intelligent ways of water management include wells, aqueducts, canals, reservoirs, and irrigation ditches. In terms of filtration, flowing water is always better than dormant water. In terms of structures and societies, properly diverting rainwater prevents disasters such as mudslides and floods.
Since there is a huge variety of plant and animal life that can be consumed for nutrients, food is a wide topic. Regardless, the macro level of food distribution and the availability of many types of foods to a group allows the group to survive and thrive. The bare minimum of food is gained from hunting, fishing, and foraging wild plants. In order to maintain a stable, permanent settlement, food must be cultivated in crops and orchards, as well as having domesticated animals (for both work and as a food source). Most foods must be prepared in some way to reduce the effects of food poisoning, dysentery, or disease. This means the food category also includes methods of preparing food, such as fire, cookware, utensils, and containers, as well as food preservation techniques, such as granaries, chilling, or pickling.
In order for human society to withstand the changing seasons, each family unit should be provided with its own, individual shelter. Given limited technology, it's acceptable to propose that multiple families could utilize the same shelter, but it is not recommended for multiple reasons. Firstly, to help prevent widespread disease: regardless of the closeness of urban societies, separating family units prevents illnesses from spreading quickly. Secondly, privacy and space allows for each family to expand and relax within its own boundaries. The alternative, or inverse, blurs the line between different family units, complicates the gene pool, and generally creates indoor chaos. Indoor chaos tends to lead to social problems, which indirectly affects an entire society's ability to exist. Shelter is not simply about protecting people from the elements and nature's unforgiving wrath, but also about keeping people from competing against one another for space and attention.
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